Communique on the Main Results of the Second National Census of Basic Units in China
National Bureau of Statistics of the People¡¯s Republic of China
Office of the Leading Group for the Second National Census of Basic Units
January 17, 2003
According to the decision of the State Council, the second national census of basic units was undertaken in 2001 following the first census in 1996. The reference time for the census was December 31, 2001. The census covered all corporate units and establishments except households and self-employed laborers in urban and rural areas. The main results of the census are published as follows1:
I. An Overview of Basic Units
By the end of 2001, the number of corporate units2 in China totaled 5.107 million, 552,000 units more than the number in 1996, representing an increase rate of 12.1%. Of the total, corporations totaled 3.026 million, taking up 59.2%; administrative units (i.e. government and party organizations) and institutional units totaled 1.026 million with a share of 20.1%; social organizations totaled 106,000 with a share of 2.1%; urban residents¡¯ committees and rural villagers¡¯ committees totaled 792,000 with a share of 15.6%; and other corporate units totaled 157,000 with a share of 3%.
By the end of 2001, the number of establishments3 in China totaled 7.088 million, 736,000 establishments more than the number in 1996, representing an increase rate of 11.6%.
Table 1: Number and Proportion of Corporate Units and Establishments by Type
Number(µ¥Î»:10000)
Proportion(%)
1. Corporate units
510.7
100.0
Corporations
302.6
59.2
Administrative and institutional units
102.6
20.1
Social organizations
10.6
2.1
Residents¡¯ committees and villagers¡¯ committees
79.2
15.6
Other corporate units
15.7
3.0
2. Establishments
708.8
100.0
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Chart 1 Number of Corporate units by type (10000)
In terms of geographical distribution, over 50% of the corporate units and establishments were located in the eastern region, and the number of the basic units had a decreasing tendency of concentration from the eastern region to the western region4. By the end of 2001, corporate units in the eastern region totaled 2.861 million, with a share of 56%. The central region had 1.337 million corporate units, with a share of 26.2%. The western region had 909,000 units, with a share of 17.8%. The establishments in the eastern region totaled 3.69 million, with a share of 52% in the whole country. The central region had 2.026 million establishments, making up 28.6%, and the western region had 1.372 million establishments, with a share of 19.4%.
Table 2: Distribution of Corporate Units and Establishments in Eastern, Central and Western Regions
Chart 2 Distribution of the corporate units and establishments in Eastern, Central and Western Regions (10000)
Analyzed by province£¬Guangdong had the largest number of corporate units in China by the end of 2001, followed by Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shanghai, Beijing, Hebei and Liaoning, and the number of corporate units in these 10 provinces or municipalities made up 58.4% of the total corporate units in China. Guangdong also boasted the largest number of establishments, followed by Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan, Shanghai, Hebei, Hunan and Anhui, and the number of establishments in these 10 provinces or municipalities made up 55.1% of the total establishments in China.
Table 3: Distribution of Corporate Units and Establishments by Province
Number of corporate units (10000)
Number of establishments (10000)
Total
510.7
708.8
Beijing
24.7
26.6
Tianjin
9.3
10.2
Hebei
21.9
29.4
Shanxi
12.6
21.0
Inner Mongolia
7.3
10.9
Liaoning
21.8
27.6
Jilin
8.7
11.7
Heilongjiang
10.8
17.5
Shanghai
25.9
33.6
Jiangsu
40.2
48.2
Zhejiang
36.0
43.1
Anhui
17.9
28.4
Fujian
15.7
23.2
Jiangxi
14.7
21.3
Shandong
34.9
50.4
Henan
26.8
37.5
Hubei
16.2
25.3
Hunan
18.8
29.1
Guangdong
40.3
53.5
Guangxi
12.3
18.9
Hainan
3.1
4.3
Chongqing
9.0
14.2
Sichuan
26.0
37.1
Guizhou
8.6
12.7
Yunnan
9.8
16.5
Tibet
1.6
2.2
Shaanxi
16.3
22.7
Gansu
8.3
13.8
Qinghai
2.1
3.0
Ningxia
2.5
3.4
Xinjiang
6.6
11.5
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Chart 3-1: Distribution of Corporate Units by Province (10000)
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Chart 3-2: Distribution of Establishments by Province (10000)
II. Distribution of Basic Units Among Sectors
In terms of distribution among national economic sectors, the number of establishments engaged in manufacturing sector totaled 1.319 million by the end of 2001, with a share of 18.6%. Number of establishments engaged in the wholesale, retail and catering trade totaled 1.336 million, with a share of 18.8%. Number of establishments engaged in education, culture, arts, radio, film and television totaled 856,000, with a share of 12.1%. Number of establishments affiliated to governments, parties, social organizations and communities totaled 1.429 million, with a share of 20.2%. The above 4 sectors absorbed 69.7% of all establishments in the country.
Table 4: Distribution of Establishments by Sectors
Farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery
26.3 3.7
Mining and quarrying 7.9 1.1
Manufacturing 131.9 18.6
Production and supply of electricity, gas and water
6.0 0.8
Construction 15.0 2.1
Geological prospecting and water conservancy
4.5 0.6
Transport, storage, post and telecommunications
19.2 2.7
Wholesale, retail and catering trade
133.6 18.8
Banking and insurance 21.8 3.1
Real estate development 11.2 1.6
Social services 44.5 6.3
Health, sports and social welfare
38.8 5.5
Education, culture, arts, radio, film and television
85.6 12.1
Scientific research and polytechnic services
9.3 1.3
Governments, parties, social organizations and communities
142.9 20.2
Other sectors 10.3 1.5
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Chart 4:Distribution of Establishments by Sectors (10000)
By the end of 2001, 84,000 establishment were engaged in economic activities in the primary industry, 1000 establishments less than in 1996; 1.609 million establishments were engaged in activities in the secondary industry, 75,000 units less; and 5.395 million establishments were engaged in activities in the tertiary industry, 813,000 more than the figure in 1996. The persons employed in the primary industry totaled 4.078 million by the end of 2001, or 1.054 million persons less than in 1996; a total of 117.902 million persons were employed in the secondary industry£¬18.496 million persons less; and those employed in the tertiary industry totaled 93.799 million, an increase of 5.526 million persons. The size of employed persons shifted from the primary and the secondary industries to the tertiary industry, which had become the main industry for expanding employment.
III. Corporation Ownership Structure
The state-owned corporations made up 12.2% of all corporations in China by the end of 2001. The share of collective owned corporations (including collective and partnership) was 28.3%; private corporations, 43.7%; share-holding corporations, 9.9%; foreign-invested corporations, 1.9%; corporations with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, 2.7%; and corporations of other forms of ownership (state-collective joint ownership, joint ownership of other forms and other corporations with domestic investment), 1.3%. Of the total employed persons in corporations, the state-owned accounted for 30.6%; the collective owned corporations, 22.8%; private corporations, 19.2%; share-holding corporations, 16.6%; foreign invested corporations, 3.9%; corporations with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, 6.1%; and other corporations, 0.8%.
Table 5: Number of Corporations and Employed Persons by Ownership
With investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan
8.2 2.7 997.4 6.1
Others
3.7 1.3 124.0 0.8
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Chart 5-1: Proportion of Corporations by Ownership (%)
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Chart 5-2: Proportion of employed persons by Ownership (%)
The number of state-owned corporations and state-controlled corporations (where the state had decisive shares) accounted for 14.9% of all corporations by the end of 2001, and their capital and annual income from operation had a share of 56.2% and 49.6% respectively. Analyzed by industry, the capital and income from operation of state-owned and state-controlled corporations made up 81% and 72.2% in mining industry, 82% and 85.7% in petroleum refing and coking industry, 80.5% and 71% in ferrous metal smelting and pressing industry, 81.7% and 85.8% in electricity, gas and water production and supply industry, 85.9% and 87.6% in banking and insurance industry, and 99.2% and 98.5% in railway transportation. In other words, the capital and annual income of state-owned and state-controlled corporations made up more than 70% of the total capital and turnovers in all above-mentioned sectors.
IV. The Size of Corporations
In terms of the size of employed persons, the number of small corporations (with less than 50 employees) totaled 2.485 million by the end of 2001, accounting for 82.1% of all corporations. Compared with 1996, the number of small corporations increased by 461,000, representing a growth of 22.8%. The number of large corporations (with 1000 or more employees) was 19,000, accounting for 0.6% of all corporations. Compared with 1996, the number of large corporations dropped by 2,000, representing a decline of 10.5%.
Table 6: Number of Corporations by Employed Persons
Chart 6: Number of Corporations by Employed Persons (10000)
In terms of the income from operation, the number of small corporations (with annual income from operation less than 1 million RMB) totaled 1.831 million by the end of 2001, making up 60.5% of all corporations. While the number of such small corporations rose by 146,000 as compared with 1996, their share declined by 3.6 percentage points. On the other hand, the number of large corporations (with the annual income over 100 million RMB) stood at 32,000, accounting for 1% of all corporations. Compared with 1996, the number of such large corporations increased by 12,000, or 60%. More precisely, the number of corporations with an annual income from 100 million to 1 billion RMB increased by 11,000 to reach 30,000 by the end of 2001, the number of corporations with an annual income of 1-10 billion RMB increased by 945 to reach 2,145, and the number of corporations with an annual income of over 10 billion RMB rose by 32 to reach 100.
Table 7: Number of Corporations by Size of Income from Operation
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Chart 7: Number of Corporations by Size of Income from Operation (10000)
In terms of the size of corporation assets, the number of small corporations (with fixed assets less than 1 million RMB at their original value) totaled 2.298 million by the end of 2001, accounting for 76% of all corporations. While the number of small corporations rose by 169,000 as compared with 1996, their proportion declined by 5 percentage points. The number of large corporations (with fixed assets over 100 million RMB) was 20,000, accounting for 0.6% of the total. Compared with 1996, the number of large corporations increased by 11,000, or 116%. More precisely, the number of corporations with fixed assets between 100 million to 1 billion RMB increased by about 10,000 to reach 18,000 at the end of 2001, the number of corporations with fixed assets between 1 to 10 billion RMB increased by 923 to reach 1693, and the number of corporations with fixed asset over 10 billion RMB increased by 46 to reach 147.
Chart 8: Number of Corporations by Size of Assets (10000)
V. Quality of the Census Data
Verification and check of census data conducted by the Office of the Leading Group for the Second National Census of Basic Units indicated that the omission rate in reporting units was 0.41%, and the error rate in filling out items in the questionnaires 0.33%. The quality of the census data has met the pre-decided requirement and the anticipated targets.
Note:
1) Data in this communiqu¨¦ do not include the data of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Region and TaiwanProvince.
2) Corporate Unit: It refers to unit which is legally established, has its own name, corporate structure and working place, independently owns and uses (or authorizes other unit to use) its assets and bear its liabilities, has the right to sign contracts with other units, undertakes independent accounting and is able to compile balance sheet.
3) Establishment: It refers to unit which is engaged exclusively, or mainly in one kind of social or economic activity, independently organizes productive or business activity and is able to keep abreast of the business data on its income and expenditure. An establishment is generally affiliated to a corporate unit.
4) Division of eastern, central and western regions. The eastern region includes Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. The central region includes Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan. The western region includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shannxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang.
